The city of Basavakalyan is best known for its historical Basavakalyan Fort, which is considered to be one of the oldest and most imposing forts in South India. Built in the 10th century, it is indeed a formidable sight. It has been strategically built as a defence point and there are interconnecting boulders with strong fort walls scattered on the hills. The entrance of the fort is through seven gates, five of which are perfectly preserved. At the main entrance, there is a solid arch that has lofty balconies. Two flights of steps flank this arch, via which one can reach the balconies. The main gate of the citadel is called Akhand Darwaza and has been built with four red stone slabs.

Formerly known as Kalyani, Basavakalyan was the capital of the western Chalukyas from 1050 to 1195. The Kalachuris also maintained their capital here. It is also the birthplace of the Lingayat reformist, Basavanna, who is the founder of the Shaivite sect of Virashaivas. Basavakalyan boasts one of the largest statues of Basavanna, which attracts a large number of visitors every year.